Water Power in Luddenden Dean - Revision history

PhilRadford: /* Textile Mills */

2026-09-02T18:45:27Z

Textile Mills

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 2 September 2026
Line 23:		Line 23:

	==='''Textile Mills'''===		==='''Textile Mills'''===
	Textile mills gradually migrated into the valley from the East of the county because of the abundance of water to power the millwheels. The Lords of the Manor of Wakefield levied a relatively small tax on the mills compared to the mills in the areas where the wool was being produced (The Vale of York for example), so low taxes and plenty of water made this area the hub for the textile industry. However the wool farmed in the area was too ~~course~~, so all the wool was 'imported' mainly from Lincolnshire and Leicestershire.		Textile mills gradually migrated into the valley from the East of the county because of the abundance of water to power the millwheels. The Lords of the Manor of Wakefield levied a relatively small tax on the mills compared to the mills in the areas where the wool was being produced (The Vale of York for example), so low taxes and plenty of water made this area the hub for the textile industry. However the wool farmed in the area was too coarse, so all the wool was 'imported' mainly from Lincolnshire and Leicestershire.

	Later, some of the new textile mills in the valley wove cotton but these ended up converting to Wool. Lancashire becoming the dominant producer of Cotton mainly because of it's closeness to the ports of Liverpool and Manchester.		Later, some of the new textile mills in the valley wove cotton but these ended up converting to Wool. Lancashire becoming the dominant producer of Cotton mainly because of it's closeness to the ports of Liverpool and Manchester.

	Go [https://new.millsarchive.org/2020/06/25/mills-make-the-world-go-round/ here ] for an an overview of mills as a source of power.		Go [https://new.millsarchive.org/2020/06/25/mills-make-the-world-go-round/ here ] for an an overview of mills as a source of power.

PhilRadford: /* Fulling Mills */

2026-09-02T18:36:40Z

Fulling Mills

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:36, 2 September 2026
Line 12:		Line 12:

	Fulling is a process used to remove oil and impurities from a newly woven fabric. It also shrank the fabric and helps the fibres to felt together to make a tighter, warmer and more water-resistant cloth.		Fulling is a process used to remove oil and impurities from a newly woven fabric. It also shrank the fabric and helps the fibres to felt together to make a tighter, warmer and more water-resistant cloth.
	The fulling process was originally done by placing the cloth is a tub of water and for people to ‘walk’ on it (not an ~~unsimilar~~ technique to pressing grapes). Urine was often used to aid the fulling process, later Fuller’s Earth (Aluminium Silicate) was used to absorb the oils in the woollen cloth. In Scotland the process was known as ‘Waukin’, sometimes the process was done on a wetted board or table top with a group of women sat around the table. They would arrange the length of cloth around the table and would each use their hands to ’wauk’ the cloth, twisting and turning it as they sang a ‘waukin’ song to keep their actions in unison.		The fulling process was originally done by placing the cloth is a tub of water and for people to ‘walk’ on it (not an dissimilar technique to pressing grapes). Urine was often used to aid the fulling process, later Fuller’s Earth (Aluminium Silicate) was used to absorb the oils in the woollen cloth. In Scotland the process was known as ‘Waukin’, sometimes the process was done on a wetted board or table top with a group of women sat around the table. They would arrange the length of cloth around the table and would each use their hands to ’wauk’ the cloth, twisting and turning it as they sang a ‘waukin’ song to keep their actions in unison.
	In a fulling mills, the power of the water wheel was used to lift and drop large wooden mallets into wooden vat containing the cloth. Both the mallets and the vats had rounded edges so as not to damage the cloth.		In a fulling mills, the power of the water wheel was used to lift and drop large wooden mallets into wooden vat containing the cloth. Both the mallets and the vats had rounded edges so as not to damage the cloth.

PhilRadford: /* Paper Mills */

2025-11-25T16:59:55Z

Paper Mills

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:59, 25 November 2025
Line 16:		Line 16:

	==='''Paper Mills'''===		==='''Paper Mills'''===
	Paper mills ~~use~~ similar hammers to a fulling mill to pulp cotton rags which, once dispersed in water, would be used to make sheets of paper on a wire screen.		Paper mills used similar hammers to a fulling mill to pulp cotton rags which, once dispersed in water, would be used to make sheets of paper on a wire screen.

	Cotton makes a much better, longer lasting paper than wood pulp paper (which was developed in the 1840's). Wood pulp paper tends to deteriorate and yellow on ageing. For this reason legal documents and other documents that need a long life are still printed on Cotton based paper.		Cotton makes a much better, longer lasting paper than wood pulp paper (which was developed in the 1840's). Wood pulp paper tends to deteriorate and yellow on ageing. For this reason legal documents and other documents that need a long life are still printed on Cotton based paper.

PhilRadford: /* Fulling Mills */

2025-11-25T16:59:08Z

Fulling Mills

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:59, 25 November 2025
Line 9:		Line 9:

	==='''Fulling Mills'''===		==='''Fulling Mills'''===
	The other early use for waterpower in the valley ~~would have been~~ for fulling and ~~the~~ first record ~~for~~ a fulling mill ~~in the valley~~ is for Dean Mill in 1440. This later converted to a paper mill.		The other early use for waterpower in the valley was for fulling and th first record of a fulling mill is for Dean Mill in 1440. This later converted to a paper mill.

	Fulling is a process used to remove oil and impurities from a newly woven fabric. It also shrank the fabric and helps the fibres to felt together to make a tighter, warmer and more water-resistant cloth.		Fulling is a process used to remove oil and impurities from a newly woven fabric. It also shrank the fabric and helps the fibres to felt together to make a tighter, warmer and more water-resistant cloth.

PhilRadford at 16:08, 13 November 2025

2025-11-13T16:08:13Z

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:08, 13 November 2025
Line 1:	Line 1:
		=='''WATER POWER IN LUDDENDEN DEAN'''==

		INTRODUCTION REQUIRED HERE

		==='''Corn Mills'''===
		The first recorded use of a water wheel in Luddenden Dean was in 1274 in the Wakefield Manorial Rolls for the Warley Soke Cornmill.<br>
		The site of the Cornmill moved upstream sometime before 1599, The Saxton Map shows the position of the original mill (on the river and roughly level with Lane House) and also the new Queens Mill which is was still producing flour and oatmeal until the 1890's.
		You can find more information on [[The Cornmill\|The Cornmill here]]

		==='''Fulling Mills'''===
		The other early use for waterpower in the valley would have been for fulling and the first record for a fulling mill in the valley is for Dean Mill in 1440. This later converted to a paper mill.

		Fulling is a process used to remove oil and impurities from a newly woven fabric. It also shrank the fabric and helps the fibres to felt together to make a tighter, warmer and more water-resistant cloth.
		The fulling process was originally done by placing the cloth is a tub of water and for people to ‘walk’ on it (not an unsimilar technique to pressing grapes). Urine was often used to aid the fulling process, later Fuller’s Earth (Aluminium Silicate) was used to absorb the oils in the woollen cloth. In Scotland the process was known as ‘Waukin’, sometimes the process was done on a wetted board or table top with a group of women sat around the table. They would arrange the length of cloth around the table and would each use their hands to ’wauk’ the cloth, twisting and turning it as they sang a ‘waukin’ song to keep their actions in unison.
		In a fulling mills, the power of the water wheel was used to lift and drop large wooden mallets into wooden vat containing the cloth. Both the mallets and the vats had rounded edges so as not to damage the cloth.

		==='''Paper Mills'''===
		Paper mills use similar hammers to a fulling mill to pulp cotton rags which, once dispersed in water, would be used to make sheets of paper on a wire screen.

		Cotton makes a much better, longer lasting paper than wood pulp paper (which was developed in the 1840's). Wood pulp paper tends to deteriorate and yellow on ageing. For this reason legal documents and other documents that need a long life are still printed on Cotton based paper.

		As some of the early mills in the valley originally made cotton cloth, it was an obvious place to also site a paper mill as there was a local source of cotton scraps.

		==='''Textile Mills'''===
		Textile mills gradually migrated into the valley from the East of the county because of the abundance of water to power the millwheels. The Lords of the Manor of Wakefield levied a relatively small tax on the mills compared to the mills in the areas where the wool was being produced (The Vale of York for example), so low taxes and plenty of water made this area the hub for the textile industry. However the wool farmed in the area was too course, so all the wool was 'imported' mainly from Lincolnshire and Leicestershire.

		Later, some of the new textile mills in the valley wove cotton but these ended up converting to Wool. Lancashire becoming the dominant producer of Cotton mainly because of it's closeness to the ports of Liverpool and Manchester.

		Go [https://new.millsarchive.org/2020/06/25/mills-make-the-world-go-round/ here ] for an an overview of mills as a source of power.

PhilRadford: Blanked the page

2025-01-24T12:32:29Z

Blanked the page

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:32, 24 January 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~=Industry=~~
	~~==Wheat, Oats and Barley, but no Corn.~~

PhilRadford at 12:31, 24 January 2025

2025-01-24T12:31:38Z

← Older revision	Revision as of 12:31, 24 January 2025
Line 1:	Line 1:
		=Industry=
		==Wheat, Oats and Barley, but no Corn.

PhilRadford: /* Water Power in Luddenden Dean */

2025-01-24T12:29:40Z

Water Power in Luddenden Dean

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:29, 24 January 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~==Water Power in Luddenden Dean==~~
	~~[[Category: Industry]]~~

PhilRadford: /* Water Power in Luddenden Dean */

2025-01-24T12:08:21Z

Water Power in Luddenden Dean

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:08, 24 January 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Water Power in Luddenden Dean==		==Water Power in Luddenden Dean==
			[[Category: Industry]]

PhilRadford: Created page with "==Water Power in Luddenden Dean=="

2025-01-24T11:57:37Z

Created page with "==Water Power in Luddenden Dean=="

New page

==Water Power in Luddenden Dean==